PROPANEDIOL

Propanediol (1,2-Propanediol)

🔬 Scientific Background & Mechanisms

  • Propanediol is a small, hydrophilic diol (two alcohol groups) widely used in skincare and cosmetics.
  • Derived either synthetically from petroleum or naturally from corn sugar (bio-based).
  • Functions primarily as a humectant, solvent, and skin-conditioning agent.
  • Enhances the penetration of active ingredients due to its small molecular size and hydrophilic nature.

🌟 Comprehensive Skin Benefits

  1. Hydration & Moisture Retention
    • Humectant → attracts water to the skin, preventing dryness.
    • Maintains skin softness, smoothness, and suppleness.
    • Reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
  2. Solvent & Delivery Enhancer
    • Dissolves and stabilizes water-soluble active ingredients like vitamins, peptides, and botanical extracts.
    • Improves penetration of actives into the skin, enhancing their efficacy.
  3. Skin Conditioning & Texture Improvement
    • Leaves skin feeling smooth and non-greasy.
    • Helps formulations spread easily without stickiness.
  4. Gentle & Safe
    • Low irritation potential → suitable for sensitive skin.
    • Non-comedogenic and compatible with most skincare actives.

💊 Dermatological & Cosmetic Applications

  • Moisturizers and serums → hydration and texture improvement
  • Cleansers and toners → solvent for water-soluble actives
  • Masks and sheet masks → enhances delivery of functional ingredients
  • Hair care → conditions and smooths hair, improves product spread

⚖️ Concentrations & Tolerability

  • Typically used at 2–10% in cosmetics.
  • Very well tolerated at higher concentrations; widely used in dermatological formulations.

🔗 Best Synergies

  • Glycerin & Hyaluronic Acid → synergistic hydration
  • Niacinamide & Peptides → improves skin barrier while enhancing penetration
  • Botanical extracts & vitamins → enhances stability and absorption of water-soluble actives

✅ Summary
Propanediol is a versatile, safe, and highly functional skincare ingredient:

  • Powerful humectant → hydration and water retention
  • Solvent → enhances solubility and penetration of actives
  • Skin conditioner → smooth texture, non-greasy feel
  • Gentle and compatible with all skin types